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Phosphodiesterase (PDE) is an enzyme that can catalyze the hydrolysis of the 3' ring phosphate bond of cyclic nucleotides, and is often used in biochemical research. Phosphodiesterase acts as an important regulator of signal transduction mediated by the second messenger molecules cAMP and cGMP. According to their specificity to cyclic nucleotides, they can also be divided into different types, such as PDE1-PDE11, which also have certain potential in various diseases .
Dipyridamole is an orally active phosphodiesterase(PDE) inhibitor. Dipyridamole also is an antiplatelet agent used in secondary prophylaxis against stroke. Dipyridamole can induce cancer cell-specific apoptosis .
PDE5-IN-12 (compound 4h) is a potent phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor with an IC50 of 22 nM. PDE5-IN-12 shows anti-proliferative effects against the aortic cell line .
Thioquinapiperifil dihydrochloride (KF31327), a potent, selective and non-competitive phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5, IC50 of 0.074 nM) inhibitor, is used for sexual enhancement study .
Thioquinapiperifil (KF31327 free base), a potent, selective and non-competitive phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5, IC50 of 0.074 nM) inhibitor, is used for sexual enhancement study .
Tovinontrine (IMR-687) is a highly potent and selective phosphodiesterase-9 (PDE9) inhibitor specifically for the treatment of sickle cell disease. IC50s are 8.19 nM and 9.99 nM for PDE9A1 and PDE9A2, respectively .
(R)-(-)-Rolipram is the R-enantiomer of Rolipram. Rolipram is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterasesPDE4 with IC50 of 3 nM, 130 nM and 240 nM for PDE4A, PDE4B, and PDE4D, respectively.
Moracin M is a phenolic component that can be isolated from Mori Cortex, is a potent phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor with IC50 values of 2.9, 4.5, >40, and >100 μM for PDE4D2, PDE4B2, PDE5A1, and PDE9A2, respectively. Moracin M has anti-inflammatory activity .
Fenspiride, an orally active non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, is an antagonist of H1-histamine receptor. Fenspiride inhibites phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3), phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) and phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) activities with -log IC50 values of 3.44, 4.16 and approximately 3.8, respectively. Fenspiride can be used for the research of respiratory diseases .
Fenspiride, an orally active non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, is an antagonist of H1-histamine receptor. Fenspiride inhibites phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3), phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) and phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) activities with -log IC50 values of 3.44, 4.16 and approximately 3.8, respectively. Fenspiride can be used for the research of respiratory diseases .
Avanafil (TA-1790) is a potent and selective phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor with IC50 values of 5.2 nM, 630 nM, 5700 nM, 6200 nM, 12000 nM, 27000 nM, 51000 nM and 53000 nM for PDE-5, PDE-6, PDE-4, PDE-10, PDE-8, PDE-7, PDE-2 and PDE-1, respectively. Avanafil activates NO/cGMP/PKG signaling-pathway to decrease loss in BMD, bone atrophy, and oxidative stress. Avanafil inhibits cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) hydrolysis and thus increases cGMP levels. Avanafil can be used for the research of erectile dysfunction and osteoporosis .
Pde7-in-3 (example 2) is an inhibitor of the phosphodiesterasePDE7 with potential analgesic activity. PDE7-IN-3 can be used to study inflammatory, neuropathic, visceral and nociceptive pain .
MR-L2 is a reversible and noncompetitive allosteric activator of long-isoform phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4), activates representative PDE4 long-isoform variants (PDE4A4, PDE4B1, PDE4C3, PDE4D5). MR-L2 suppresses PGE2-induced MDCK cell cyst formation with an EC50 of 1.2 µM .
Vardenafil-d5 is deuterium labeled Vardenafil. Vardenafil is a selective, orally active, potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5), with an IC50 of 0.7 nM. Vardenafil shows selectivity over PDE1 (180 nM), PDE6 (11 nM), PDE2, PDE3, and PDE4 (>1000 nM). Vardenafil competitively inhibits cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) hydrolysis and thus increases cGMP levels. Vardenafil can be used for the research of erectile dysfunction[1][2].
Avanafil (TA-1790) dibenzenesulfonate is a potent and selective phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor with IC50 values of 5.2 nM, 630 nM, 5700 nM, 6200 nM, 12000 nM, 27000 nM, 51000 nM and 53000 nM for PDE-5, PDE-6, PDE-4, PDE-10, PDE-8, PDE-7, PDE-2 and PDE-1, respectively. Avanafil dibenzenesulfonate activates NO/cGMP/PKG signaling-pathway to decrease loss in BMD, bone atrophy, and oxidative stress. Avanafil dibenzenesulfonate inhibits cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) hydrolysis and thus increases cGMP levels. Avanafil dibenzenesulfonate can be used for the research of erectile dysfunction and osteoporosis .
PDE7-IN-2 (compound 2) is a potent PDE7 (phosphodiesterase 7) inhibitor with IC50 value of 2.1 µM. PDE7-IN-2 has the potential for the research of parkinson’s disease .
K134 is a phosphodiesterase 3(PDE3) inhibitor. The IC50s of K134 toward PDE3A, PDE3B, PDE5, PDE2 and PDE4 are 0.1, 0.28, 12.1, >300 and >300 µM, respectively.
PDE1-IN-3, compound 4 (WO2019156861), is a selective human phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1) inhibitor. PDE1-IN-3 inhibits PDE4D and PDE6AB with IC50 values of 23.99 μM and 10 μM, respectively .
Vardenafil is a selective and orally active inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-5(PDE5), with an IC50 of 0.7 nM. Vardenafil shows inhibitory towards PDE1, PDE6 with IC50s of 180 nM, and 11 nM, while IC50s are >1000 nM for PDE3 and PDE4 . Vardenafil competitively inhibits cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) hydrolysis and thus increases cGMP levels . Vardenafil can be used for the research of erectile dysfunction, hepatitis, diabetes [1]-[6].
Vardenafil hydrochloride is a selective and orally active inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-5(PDE5), with an IC50 of 0.7 nM. Vardenafil hydrochloride shows inhibitory towards PDE1, PDE6 with IC50s of 180 nM, and 11 nM, while IC50s are >1000 nM for PDE3 and PDE4 . Vardenafil hydrochloride competitively inhibits cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) hydrolysis and thus increases cGMP levels . Vardenafil hydrochloride can be used for the research of erectile dysfunction, hepatitis, diabetes [1]-[6].
Vardenafil dihydrochloride is a selective and orally active inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-5(PDE5), with an IC50 of 0.7 nM. Vardenafil dihydrochloride shows inhibitory towards PDE1, PDE6 with IC50s of 180 nM, and 11 nM respectively, while IC50s are >1000 nM for PDE3 and PDE4. Vardenafil dihydrochloride competitively inhibits cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) hydrolysis and thus increases cGMP levels. Vardenafil dihydrochloride can be used for the research of erectile dysfunction, hepatitis, diabetes - .
Fenspiride-d5 is the deuterium labeled Fenspiride. Fenspiride, an orally active non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, is an antagonist of H1-histamine receptor. Fenspiride inhibites phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3), phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) and phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) activities with -log IC50 values of 3.44, 4.16 and approximately 3.8, respectively. Fenspiride can be used for the research of respiratory diseases[1][2][3].
PDE1-IN-4 (compound 2g) is a potent and selective PDE1 (phosphodiesterase-1) inhibitor, with IC50 values of 10, 145, and 354 nM for PDE1C, PDE1A, and PDE1B, respectively. PDE1-IN-4 inhibits myofibroblast differentiation of human lung fibroblasts induced by TGF-β1. PDE1-IN-4 shows anti-fibrosis effects through the regulation of cAMP (3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) and cGMP (3′,5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate). PDE1-IN-4 can be used for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) research .
PDE4-IN-11 is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase isoenzyme 4(PDE4).PDE4-IN-11 displays highly effective bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory properties, can be used for obstructive or inflammatory airway diseases research .
PDE5-IN-4 is a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor. PDE5-IN-4 can be used for the research of acute myocardial infarction and damage caused by reperfusion, gastrointestinal diseases, damage caused by diabetes, and liver failure .
Cilostazol (OPC 13013) is a potent and selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3A, the isoform of PDE 3 in the cardiovascular system, with an IC50 of 0.2 μM .
Vardenafil hydrochloride trihydrate is a selective and orally active inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-5(PDE5), with an IC50 of 0.7 nM. Vardenafil hydrochloride trihydrate shows inhibitory towards PDE1, PDE6 with IC50s of 180 nM, and 11 nM, while IC50s are >1000 nM for PDE3 and PDE4 . Vardenafil hydrochloride trihydrate competitively inhibits cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) hydrolysis and thus increases cGMP levels . Vardenafil hydrochloride trihydrate can be used for the research of erectile dysfunction, hepatitis, diabetes [1]-[6].
JNJ-42314415 is a centrally active phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibitor, with Ki values of 35 nM and 64 nM for human recombinant PDE10A and rPDE10A, respectively .
Braylin, a coumarin, is a potent phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor and is involved in anti-inflammatory and immunomodulation, which may serve as a potential target for the study of immunoinflammatory diseases .
PDE5/HDAC-IN-1 (Compound 26) is a potent phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) and HDAC inhibitor with IC50 values of 46.3 nM and 14.5 nM, respectively. PDE5/HDAC-IN-1 induces cell apoptosis and shows anticancer activities .
MT-3014 is a potent, highly selective and brain-penetrated phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE 10A) inhibitor, with IC50s of 0.062 nM and 0.09 nM for human PDE 10A and bovine PDE 10A, respectively .
ICI-63197 is a phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) and PDE4 inhibitor with Ki values of 9 µM and 10 µM, respectively. ICI-63197 is selectivity against PDE1 and PDE2. ICI-63197 has antidepressant effects .
Oglemilast (GRC 3886) is a potent and orally active phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.5 nM for PDE4D3. Oglemilast inhibits pulmonary cell infiltration, including eosinophilia and neutrophilia in vitro and in vivo. Oglemilast has the potential for inflammatory airway diseases .
Phosphodiesterase-IN-1 (Compound 7) is a phosphodiesterase(PDE) inhibitor with anti-Plasmodium activity. Phosphodiesterase-IN-1 has antiproliferative activity against P. falciparum (strain 3D7) with an IC50 value of 0.64 μM .
Zatolmilast (BPN14770) is a selective phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) allosteric inhibitor with IC50s of 7.8 nM and 7.4 nM for PDE4D7 and PDE4D3, respectively .
PDE10A-IN-2 hydrochloride is a potent, highly selective and orally active phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.8 nM. PDE10A-IN-2 hydrochloride shows selectivity of >3500-fold against other PDE subtypes. PDE10A-IN-2 hydrochloride can be used for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) research .
Calmodulin antagonist-1 (A-5) is a calmodulin (CaM) antagonist. Calmodulin antagonist-1 inhibits calmodulin-activated Ca 2+-phosphodiesterase (PDE) (IC50=66 μM). Calmodulin antagonist-1 also inhibits trypsin-treated Ca 2+-PDE (IC50=560 μM) in a competitive fashion with respect to cyclic GMP .
Olprinone (Loprinone) is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3 inhibitor, with IC50s of 150, 100, 0.35 and 14 μM for PDE1, PDE2, PDE3 and PDE4, respectively. Olprinone is used for the research of heart failure due to its positive inotropic and vasodilative effects. Anti-inflammatory activity .
Olprinone (Loprinone) Hydrochloride is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3 inhibitor, with IC50s of 150, 100, 0.35 and 14 μM for PDE1, PDE2, PDE3 and PDE4, respectively. Olprinone Hydrochloride is used for the research of heart failure due to its positive inotropic and vasodilative effects. Anti-inflammatory activity .
DNMDP, a phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) inhibitor, is a potent and selective cancer cell cytotoxic agent. DNMDP binding to PDE3A promotes an interaction between PDE3A and Schlafen 12 (SLFN12). DNMDP shows clear cell-selective cytotoxicity .
GSK256066 Trifluoroacetate is a selective and high-affinity phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 3.2 pM for PDE4B. GSK256066 Trifluoroacetate is developed for the research of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .
FCPR03 is a potent and selective phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor with IC50 values of 60 nM, 31 nM and 47 nM for PDE4 catalytic domain, PDE4B1 and PDE4D7, respectively. FCPR03 displays at least 2100-fold selectivity over other PDEs (PDE1-3 and PDE5-11). FCPR03 has anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and antidepressant-like effects .
GSK256066 is a selective and high-affinity phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 3.2 pM for PDE4B. GSK256066 is developed for the research of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .
(S)-C33 is a potent and selective PDE9 (phosphodiesterase-9) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 11 nM. (S)-C33 can be used for central nervous system diseases and diabetes research .
PDM-042 is a potent, selective, and orally active phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibitor. PDM-042 shows potent inhibitory activities for human and rat PDE10A with IC50 values of less than 1 nM and more than 1000-fold selectivity against other phosphodiesterases. PDM-042 can be used for the research of schizophrenia .
Quazinone is a selective inhibitor of cGMP-inhibited-phosphodiesterase(cGI-PDE,PDE3). Quazinone inhibits the phosphorylation of p42/p44 MAP kinase. Quazinone possesses antimitogenic effect .
MBCQ is a potent and selective cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE V; PDE5) inhibitor with an IC50 of 19 nM. MBCQ lacks inhibitory activity toward other PDE isozymes (all IC50s>100 μM). MBCQ dilates coronary arteries via specific inhibition of cGMP-PDE .
Apremilast (CC-10004) is an orally available inhibitor of type-4 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase(PDE-4) with an IC50 of 74 nM. Apremilast inhibits TNF-α release by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with an IC50 of 104 nM .
Cilostazol-d11 is the deuterium labeled Cilostazol. Cilostazol (OPC 13013) is a potent and selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3A, the isoform of PDE 3 in the cardiovascular system, with an IC50 of 0.2 μM[1][2].
Cilostazol-d4 is deuterium labeled Cilostazol. Cilostazol (OPC 13013) is a potent and selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3A, the isoform of PDE 3 in the cardiovascular system, with an IC50 of 0.2 μM[1][2].
(S)-BRD9500 is the isomer of BRD9500 (HY-136350), and can be used as an experimental control. BRD9500 is an orally active phosphodiesterases 3(PDE3) inhibitor with IC50s of 10 and 27 nM for PDE3A and PDE3B, respectively. Antitumor activity .
Kuraridine is a prenylated flavonol extract from the roots of Sophora flavescens. Kuraridine has an inhibitory effect on cGMP specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) (IC50=0.64 μM) .
GSK356278 is a potent, selective, orally bioavailable and brain-penetrant inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), with pIC50s of 8.6, 8.8, and 8.7 for human PDE4A, PDE4B, and PDE4D, respectively. GSK356278 has anti-inflammatory activity, and exhibits anxiolytic and cognition-enhancing effects .
Eggmanone (EGM1) is a potent and selective phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) antagonist with an IC50 of 72 nM for PDE4D3. Eggmanone shows approximately 40- to 50-fold selective for PDE4D3 over other PDEs. Eggmanone exerts its Hh-inhibitory effects through selective antagonism of PDE4, leading to protein kinase A activation and subsequent Hh blockade .
Sildenafil Mesylate is an orally active and selective phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor. Sildenafil Mesylate can be used in studies of erectile dysfunction and cancer .
TAK-915 is a potent, selective, brain-penetrant and orally active phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.61 nM. TAK-915 is >4100-fold more selectivity for PDE2A than PDE1A. TAK-915 has the potential for neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders treatment .
Theophylline-d6 is the deuterium labeled Theophylline. Theophylline is a nonselective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor blocker, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator.
Irsenontrine (E2027) maleate is an orally active and selective phosphodiesterase 9 (PDE9) inhibitor. Irsenontrine maleate can be used for the research of neurological diseases .
Mangostanol ((+)-Mangostanol) is a polyoxygenated xanthone mangostanol, which can be isolated from the shell of Garcinia mangostana, and has inhibitory effect on cAMP phosphodiesterase(PDE) .
3-O-Methylquercetin (3-MQ) is a major component from the plant Rhamnus nakaharai and has antiviral activity and potential antiasthmatic efficacy. 3-O-Methylquercetin inhibits total cAMP and cGMP-phosphodiesterase(PDE). The IC50 values of 3-O-Methylquercetin (3-MQ) against PDE1-PDE5 are in the range of 1.6-86.9 μM. 3-O-Methylquercetin is a non-competitive inhibitor of PDE2 and a competitive inhibitor of PDE4 .
T-0156 is a potent and selective phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor. T-0156 specifically inhibits the hydrolysis of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) by PDE5 in a competitive manner (IC50=0.23 nM). T-0156 inhibits PDE6 (IC50=56 nM) and has low potencies against PDE1, PDE2, PDE3, and PDE4 (IC50>10 μM). T-0156 enhances the nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP pathway .
Irsenontrine (E2027) is an orally active and selective phosphodiesterase 9 (PDE9) inhibitor. Irsenontrine can be used for the research of neurological diseases .
CM-675 is a dual phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) and class I histone deacetylases-selective inhibitor, with IC50 values of 114 nM and 673 nM for PDE5 and HDAC1, respectively. CM-675 has potential to treat Alzheimer’s disease .
THPP-1, a SGC chemical probe, is a potent and orally bioavailable phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibitor, with Ki values of 1 nM and 1.3 nM for human and rat PDE10A, respectively. THPP-1 has excellent pharmacokinetic properties in preclinical species .
Apremilast-d5 is a deuterium labeled Apremilast. Apremilast is an orally available inhibitor of type-4 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE-4) with an IC50 of 74 nM. Apremilast inhibits TNF-α release by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with an IC50 of 104 nM[1].
Lirimilast (BAY 19-8004) is a potent, selective and orally active phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 49 nM. Lirimilast can be used for the treatment of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Lirimilast has potently anti-inflammatory properties .
Difamilast (OPA-15406) is a topical, selective and nonsteroidal phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor with particularly efficient inhibition of subtype B (IC50=11.2 nM). Difamilast can be used for the research of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis (AD) .
Cilomilast (SB-207499) is a potent, selective and orally active inhibitor of Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), with IC50s of ~100 and 120 nM for LPDE4 and HPDE4, respectively. Cilomilast shows selectivity for PDE4 over PDE1, PDE2, PDE3 and PDE5 (IC50=74, 65, >100, and 83 µM, respectively). Cilomilast has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects and can be used for thr research of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) .
Lodenafil carbonate, a dimer that acts as a proagent delivering Lodenafil in vivo, is an orally active phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) .
Piclamilast (RP 73401) is a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, with IC50 values of 16 nM and 2 nM in pig aorta and eosinophil soluble, respectively .
Toddacoumalone is a natural inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) with moderate potency and imperfect agent-like properties. Toddacoumalone has the potential for the research of inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis .
NPD-001 is a potent Trypanosoma bruceiphosphodiesterasesTbrPDEB1 and TbrPDEB2 inhibitor, with IC50 values of 4 and 3 nM, respectively. NPD-001 also inhibits human PDEs (phosphodiesterases). NPD-001 shows good anti trypanosomal activity, with an IC50 of 80 nM .
EHNA hydrochloride is a potent and selective dual inhibitor of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 2 (PDE2)(IC50=4 μM) and adenosine deaminase (ADA). EHNA hydrochloride exerts a concentration inhibition of the cGMP-stimulated PDE II (cGs-PDE)(IC50:0.8 μM (human), 2 μM (porcine myocardium)), but has smaller inhibitory effect on the unstimulated PDE2 activity. EHNA hydrochloride play roles in mediating diverse pharmacological responses, including antiviral, antitumour and antiarrhythmic effects .
Carbodenafil is a Sildenafil (UK-92480) related compound found in health foods. Sildenafil is a potent phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor with an IC50 of 5.22 nM .
Gisadenafil (UK-369003) is a specific, orally active phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.6 nM and prevents degradation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) .
Sp-cAMPS, a cAMP analog, is potent activator of cAMP-dependent PKA I and PKA II. Sp-cAMPS is also a potent, competitive phosphodiesterase(PDE3A) inhibitor with a Ki of 47.6 µM. Sp-cAMPS binds the PDE10 GAF domain with an EC50 of 40 μM .
Sp-cAMPS sodium salt, a cAMP analog, is potent activator of cAMP-dependent PKA I and PKA II. Sp-cAMPS sodium salt is also a potent, competitive phosphodiesterase(PDE3A) inhibitor with a Ki of 47.6 µM. Sp-cAMPS sodium salt binds the PDE10 GAF domain with an EC50 of 40 μM .
Enoximone is an inotropic vasodilating agent and a selective and orally active phosphodiesterase III (PDE3) inhibitor with an IC50 of 5.9 μM. Enoximone induces vasodilatation and increases intracellular levels of cAMP by inhibiting cGMP-inhibited PDE. Enoximone also exhibits PDE4 inhibitory effect with an IC50 of 21.1 μM for myocardial PDE4A. Enoximone has the potential for congestive heart failure research and has bronchodilatory, antiasthma and anti-inflammatory effects .
TPN171 is a potent, selective and oral bioavailable inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) with an IC50 of 0.62 nM, being developed for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) .
Gisadenafil besylate (UK 369003-26) is a specific, orally active phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.6 nM and prevents degradation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) .
Sildenafil (citrate)-d8 is the deuterium labeled Sildenafil citrate[1]. Sildenafil citrate is a potent phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor with IC50 of 5.22 nM.
CDC801 is a potent and orally active phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitor with IC50 of 1.1 μM and 2.5 μM, respectively.
Amino Tadalafil is an analog of Tadalafil. Tadalafil is a potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) with applications in several conditions, including erectile dysfunction, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and lower urinary tract dysfunction.
TPN729 is a selective phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 2.28 nM. TPN729 affects erectile function and it can be used for the research of erectile dysfunction .
Sildenafil (citrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sildenafil (citrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sildenafil citrate is a potent phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor with IC50 of 5.22 nM.
Ensifentrine (RPL-554) is an inhaled first-in-class dual inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) and PDE4 with IC50s of 0.4 nM and 1479 nM, respectively. Ensifentrine has bronchoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities. Ensifentrine can be used for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research .
Adibendan (BM 14478), a benzimidazole derivative, is an orally active, selective phosphodiesterase III (PDE III) activity inhibitor (IC50=2.0 μM). Adibendan has IC50 values more than 60-fold higher for the inhibition of PDE I or II. Adibendan is a new cardiotonic agent .
MY-5445 is a specific inhibitor of the cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase, phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), with a Ki of 1.3 μM. MY-5445 inhibits human platelet aggregation. MY-5445 is a selective modulator of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCG2, with anti-proliferative effect .
RS-25344 hydrochloride is a selective cAMP-phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE 4; PDE IV) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.28 nM in human lymphocytes. RS-25344 hydrochloride has only weak inhibitory effects on PDE I, II, III (IC50 of >100 μM, 160 μM, 330 μM, respectively). RS-25344 hydrochloride has anti-inflammatory, memory- and cognition enhancing, and antineoplastic effects .
Sp-cAMPS triethylamine, a cAMP analog, is potent activator of cAMP-dependent PKA I and PKA II. Sp-cAMPS triethylamine is also a potent, competitive phosphodiesterase(PDE3A) inhibitor with a Ki of 47.6 µM. Sp-cAMPS triethylamine binds the PDE10 GAF domain with an EC50 of 40 μM .
Udenafil (DA8159) is a potent, selective and orally active phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor. Udenafil also inhibits cGMP hydrolysis and can be used for erectile dysfunction research .
Sildenafil-d8 is the deuterium labeled Sildenafil. Sildenafil (UK-92480) is a potent phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor with an IC50 of 5.22 nM[1][2].
Aminophylline is a competitive and non-selective phosphodiesterase(PDE) inhibitor. Aminophylline is a competitive adenosine receptor antagonist. Aminophylline has apulmonary vasodilator action as well as a bronchodilator action and has the potential for asthma research .
YM976 is a phosphodiesterase 4(PDE4) inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.2 nM. YM976 shows the dissociation of anti-inflammatory activities from emetic effects and inhibits the antigen-induced airway responses .
Obscurolide A1 is a Phosphodiesterase(PDE) inhibitor (IC50=8 mM) that can be obtained from Streptomyces viridochromogenes culture. Obscurolide A1 has the potential to study neurological and inflammatory diseases .
DSR-141562 is a novel, orally active, and selective brain-penetrant phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1) inhibitor. DSR-141562 shows preferential selectivity for human PDE1B with an IC50 of 43.9 nM, and the IC50 values for human PDE1A and 1C are 97.6 and 431.8 nM, respectively. DSR-141562 can be used for the study of positive symptoms, negative symptoms and cognitive impairments associated with schizophrenia .
VP3.15 dihydrobromide is a potent, orally bioavailable and CNS-penetrant dual phosphodiesterase (PDE)7- glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3 inhibitor, with IC50s of 1.59 μM and 0.88 μM for PDE7 and GSK-3, respectively. VP3.15 dihydrobromide has neuroprotective and neuroreparative activities, thus as potential combined anti-inflammatory and pro-remyelinating therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) .
VP3.15 is a potent, orally bioavailable and CNS-penetrant dual phosphodiesterase (PDE)7- glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3 inhibitor, with IC50s of 1.59 μM and 0.88 μM for PDE7 and GSK-3, respectively. VP3.15 has neuroprotective and neuroreparative activities, thus as potential combined anti-inflammatory and pro-remyelinating therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) .
TMX-4100 is a selective phosphodiesterase 6D (PDE6D) degrader. TMX-4100 shows a high degradation preference for PDE6D with the DC50 values less than 200 nM in MOLT4, Jurkat, and MM.1S cells. TMX-4100 can be used for the research of multiple myeloma .
Kushenol B is an isoprenoid flavonoid isolated from S. flavescens, has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities . Kushenol B has inhibitory activity against cAMP phosphodiesterase(PDE), with an IC50 of 31 µM .
TPN729MA (TPN729 maleate) is a selective phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 2.28 nM. TPN729MA affects erectile function and it can be used for the research of erectile dysfunction .
Bemoradan (compound 10a) is an orally active and selective canine Phosphodiesterase (PDE) fraction III inhibitor. Bemoradan is a long-acting, potent, inotropic vasodilator and a novel cardiotonic agent, and can be used in congestive heart
failure research .
CDP-840 (GR259653X) is a potent, selective and orally active phosphodiesterase IV (PDE IV) inhibitor. CDP-840 inhibits antigen-induced early and late phase bronchoconstriction in conscious squirrel monkeys .
Reproterol is a dual acting β2-adrenoceptor agonist and PDE inhibitor. The theophylline constituent of Reproterol inhibits phosphodiesterase activity induced by adenylyl cyclase. Reproterol has the potential for asthma research .
Mesembrine ((+)-Mesembrine) a main alkaloid that features an aryloctahydroindole skeleton. Mesembrine is a 5-HT transporter inhibitor with a Ki of 1.4 nM. Mesembrine also inhibits phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) with an IC50 of 7.8 μM .
Dovramilast (CC-11050) is an orally active phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor and can reduce the inflammatory response and improves Isoniazid (INH)-mediated bacillary clearance from the lungs. Dovramilast, as an adjunct, is used for the research of tuberculosis (TB) .
(R)-Irsenontrine ((R)-E2027), the R-enantiomer of Irsenontrine (HY-132821), is a potent phosphodiesterase 9 (PDE9) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.041 μM. (R)-Irsenontrine can be used for the research of neurological diseases .
(S)-(+)-Rolipram ((+)-Rolipram) is a cyclic AMP(cAMP)-specific phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 1100 nM. (S)-(+)-Rolipram can suppresse tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) production by human mononuclear cells .
SDZ-MKS 492 (MKS 492) is a selective inhibitor of cyclic GMP-inhibited phosphodiesterase (type III PDE). SDZ-MKS 492 inhibits antigen- or platelet activating factor (PAF)-induced bronchoconstriction and allergic reactions in guinea pigs and rats .
Trequinsin hydrochloride (HL 725) is an extremely potent inhibitor of platelet CAMP phosphodiesterase(PDE), with an IC50 of 0.25 nM. Trequinsin hydrochloride (HL 725) is an extremely potent inhibitor of the aggregation of human platelets induced in vitro by ADP, collagen, thrombin and epinephrine .
1,3,5-Trihydroxy-4-prenylxanthone is a Na +/H + exchange system (Na+/H+ Exchanger (NHE)) inhibitor with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 10 μg/mL . 1,3,5-Trihydroxy-4-prenylxanthone is a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5)(Phosphodiesterase(PDE)) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 3.0 μM . 1,3,5-Trihydroxy-4-prenylxanthone inhibits Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Lipopolysaccharides (HY-D1056))-induced NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages, and has anti-inflammatory activities .
N-Desmethyl Sildenafil-d8 is the deuterium labeled N-Desmethyl Sildenafil (HY-117605). N-Desmethyl Sildenafil is a major metabolite of Sildenafil. Sildenafil is a potent phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor[1][2][3].
Ilexsaponin B2 is a saponin isolated from the root of Ilex pubescens Hook. et Arn. Ilexsaponin B2 is a potent phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) and PDEI inhibitor with IC50 values of 48.8 μM and 477.5 μM, respectively .
BA 41899 is a purely calcium-sensitizing agent. BA 41899 is completely devoid of phosphodiesterase (PDE) III inhibitory activity or any other known inotropic mechanism. BA 41899 can be used for the research of cardiovascular diseases, such as congestive heart failure (CHF) .
Isopedicin potently and concentration-dependently inhibits superoxide anion (O2 U?) production in formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP)-activated cells. Isopedicin increases cAMP formation and PKA activity in FMLP-activated cells by inhibiting phosphodiesterase(PDE) activity .
Flavoxate hydrochloride is a potent and competitive phosphodiesterase(PDE) inhibitor. Flavoxate hydrochloride is an antispasmodic agent and muscarinic mAChR antagonist. Flavoxate hydrochloride shows moderate calcium antagonistic activity and local anesthetic effect. Flavoxate hydrochloride can be used for the research of overactive bladder (OAB) and lower urinary tract infections .
Bucladesine calcium salt (Dibutyryl-cAMP calcium salt;DC2797 calcium salt) is a cell-permeable cyclic AMP (cAMP) analog and selectively activates cAMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) by increasing the intracellular level of cAMP. Bucladesine calcium salt acts as a phosphodiesterase(PDE) inhibitor.
Udenafil-d7 is the deuterium labeled Udenafil. Udenafil (DA8159) is a potent, selective and orally active phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor. Udenafil also inhibits cGMP hydrolysis and can be used for erectile dysfunction research[1][2].
Yonkenafil (Tunodafil), a novel phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, is effective in reducing cerebral infarction, neurological deficits, edema, and neuronal damage in the infarcted area. Yonkenafil may improve cognitive function by modulating neurogenesis and has a potential therapeutic effect on Alzheimer's disease .
Sildenafil-d3-1 (UK-92480-d3-1) is deuterium labeled Sildenafil-d3. Sildenafil (UK-92480) is a potent phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor with an IC50 of 5.22 nM.
Drotaverine (hydrochloride) is a type 4 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase(PDE4) inhibitor and an L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (L-VDCC) blocker, blocks the degradation of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Drotaverine (hydrochloride) exhibits in vivo antispasmodic efficacy without anticholinergic effects.
Flavoxate is a potent and competitive phosphodiesterase(PDE) inhibitor. Flavoxate is an antispasmodic agent and muscarinic mAChR antagonist. Flavoxate shows moderate calcium antagonistic activity and local anesthetic effect. Flavoxate can be used for the research of overactive bladder (OAB) and lower urinary tract infections .
Yonkenafil (Tunodafil) hydrochloride, a novel phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, is effective in reducing cerebral infarction, neurological deficits, edema, and neuronal damage in the infarcted area. Yonkenafil (Tunodafil) hydrochloride may improve cognitive function by modulating neurogenesis and has a potential therapeutic effect on Alzheimer's disease .
8-CPT-Cyclic AMP (8-CPT-cAMP) sodium is a selective activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). 8-CPT-Cyclic AMP sodium is also a potent inhibitor of the cyclic GMP-specific phosphodiesterase(PDE VA) with an IC50 of 0.9 μM. 8-CPT-Cyclic AMP sodium also inhibits PDE III and PDE IV with IC50Epac and is a potent Epac activator .
Bucladesine sodium salt (Dibutyryl-cAMP sodium salt) is a stabilized cyclic AMP (cAMP) analog and a selective PKA activator. Bucladesine sodium salt raises the intracellular levels of cAMP. Bucladesine sodium salt is also a phosphodiesterase(PDE) inhibitor. Bucladesine sodium salt has anti-inflammatory activity and can be used for impaired wound healing .
Vesnarinone (OPC-8212) is an orally active phosphodiesterase 3(PDE3) inhibitor. Vesnarinone can increase in calcium flux and decrease in potassium flux. Vesnarinone shows dose-dependent positive inotropic activity. Vesnarinone can be used in heart failure research .
IBMX (3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine) (GMP) is IBMX (HY-12318) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. IBMX is a broad-spectrum phosphodiesterase(PDE) inhibitor .
Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) sodium glycinate is a potent phosphodiesterase(PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline sodium glycinate inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline sodium glycinate has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline sodium glycinate induces apoptosis. Theophylline sodium glycinate can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research .
Siguazodan (SKF 94836) is a potent, selective and orally active phosphodiesterase III (PDE-III) inhibitor with an IC50 of 117 nM. Siguazodan increases cAMP accumulation in intact platelets with an EC50 of 18.88 μM. Siguazodan also inhibits phenylephrine-induced 5-HT release with an IC50 value of 4.2 μM .
FPFT-2216, a “molecular glue” compound, degrades phosphodiesterase 6D (PDE6D), zinc finger transcription factors Ikaros (IKZF1), Aiolos (IKZF3), and casein kinase 1α (CK1α). FPFT-2216 can be used for the research of cancer and inflammatory disease .
PQ-10 is a potent inhibitor of Phosphodiesterase 10A(PDE10A) with IC50 andED50 of 4.6 nM and 13 mg/kg, respectively. PQ-10 induces patterns of brain glucose metabolism which can be a potential translational biomarker. PQ-10 has the potential for researching psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia .
Pentoxifylline (BL-191), a haemorheological agent, is an orally active non-selective phosphodiesterase(PDE) inhibitor, with immune modulation, anti-inflammatory, hemorheological, anti-fibrinolytic and anti-proliferation effects. Pentoxifylline can be used for the research of peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease and a number of other conditions involving a defective regional microcirculation .
Ibudilast (KC-404; AV-411; MN-166) is a cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase(PDE) inhibitor. Ibudilast has platelet anti-aggregatory effects. Ibudilast can be used for the research of asthma for its inhibitory effects on tracheal smooth muscle contractility. Ibudilast may be a useful neuroprotective and anti-dementia agent counteracting neurotoxicity in activated microglia .
Mirodenafil (SK3530) dihydrochloride is an orally active, potent, reversible, and selective phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor. Mirodenafil dihydrochloride is a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) modulator Mirodenafil dihydrochloride activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by downregulating Dkk1 expression. Mirodenafil dihydrochloride can be used for the research of erectile dysfunction (ED), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) .
Mirodenafil (SK3530) is an orally active, potent, reversible, and selective phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor. Mirodenafil is a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) modulator Mirodenafil activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by downregulating Dkk1 expression. Mirodenafil can be used for the research of erectile dysfunction (ED), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) .
Drotaverine-d10 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Drotaverine hydrochloride. Drotaverine hydrochloride is a type 4 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE4) inhibitor and an L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (L-VDCC) blocker, blocks the degradation of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Drotaverine hydrochloride exhibits in vivo antispasmodic efficacy without anticholinergic effects[1][2].
Anagrelide is a potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type III (PDE3) (IC50=36 nM). Anagrelide, an imidazoquinazoline derivative, acts as an inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Anagrelide inhibits bone marrow megakaryocytopoiesis. Anagrelide decreases gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) cell proliferation and promotes their apoptosis in vitro. Anagrelide is a platelet-lowering agent and plays in the antithrombopoietic action .
Anagrelide hydrochloride monohydrate is a potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type III (PDE3) (IC50=36 nM). Anagrelide hydrochloride monohydrate, an imidazoquinazoline derivative, acts as an inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Anagrelide hydrochloride monohydrate inhibits bone marrow megakaryocytopoiesis. Anagrelide hydrochloride monohydrate decreases gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) cell proliferation and promotes their apoptosis in vitro. Anagrelide hydrochloride monohydrate is a platelet-lowering agent and plays in the antithrombopoietic action .
Anagrelide hydrochloride (BL4162A) is a potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type III (PDE3) (IC50=36 nM). Anagrelide hydrochloride, an imidazoquinazoline derivative, acts as an inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Anagrelide hydrochloride inhibits bone marrow megakaryocytopoiesis. Anagrelide hydrochloride decreases gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) cell proliferation and promotes their apoptosis in vitro. Anagrelide hydrochloride is a platelet-lowering agent and plays in the antithrombopoietic action .
OR-1896 is an active long-lived metabolite of Levosimendan. OR-1896 is a highly selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) III isoform inhibitor and a powerful vasodilator. OR-1896 can open ATP-sensitive K + channels and has Ca 2+-sensitizing effect. OR-1896 mitigates cardiomyocyte apoptosis, cardiac remodeling and myocardial inflammation .
Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) is a potent phosphodiesterase(PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research .
Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) sodium acetate is a potent phosphodiesterase(PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) sodium acetate inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) sodium acetate has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) sodium acetate induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) sodium acetate can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research .
Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) monohydrate is a potent phosphodiesterase(PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) monohydrate inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) monohydrate has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) monohydrate induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) monohydrate can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research .
Sophoflavescenol is a prenylated flavonol, which shows great inhibitory activity with IC50 of 0.013 μM against Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), and also inhibits RLAR, HRAR, AGE, BACE1, AChE and BChE with IC50s of 0.30 µM, 0.17 µM, 17.89 µg/mL, 10.98 µM, 8.37 µM and 8.21 µM, respectively.
Zaprinast (M&B 22948) is a selective inhibitor of cGMP-selective Phosphodiesterase(PDE5). Zaprinast causes a significant increase in cGMP levels in myocytes. Zaprinast is a G protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35) agonist which activates rat GPR35 strongly and activates human GPR35 moderately. Zaprinast reduces vessel remodeling through antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects .
Vinpocetine (Ethyl apovincaminate) is a derivative of the alkaloid Vincamine that blocks voltage-gated Na + channels. The IC50 value of Vinpocetine on direct IKK inhibition in the cell-free system is 17.17 μM. Vinpocetine is a phosphodiesterase(PDE) inhibitor and inhibits NF-κB-dependent inflammatory responses by directly targeting IκB kinase complex (IKK), and has been widely used for the treatment of cerebrovascular disorders .
Pentoxifylline-d6 is the deuterium labeled Pentoxifylline. Pentoxifylline (BL-191), a haemorheological agent, is an orally active non-selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, with immune modulation, anti-inflammatory, hemorheological, anti-fibrinolytic and anti-proliferation effects. Pentoxifylline can be used for the research of peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease and a number of other conditions involving a defective regional microcirculation[1][2][3].
Pentoxifylline-d5 is the deuterium labeled Pentoxifylline. Pentoxifylline (BL-191), a haemorheological agent, is an orally active non-selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, with immune modulation, anti-inflammatory, hemorheological, anti-fibrinolytic and anti-proliferation effects. Pentoxifylline can be used for the research of peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease and a number of other conditions involving a defective regional microcirculation[1][2][3].
Ibudilast-d7 is the deuterium labeled Ibudilast. Ibudilast (KC-404; AV-411; MN-166) is a cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor. Ibudilast has platelet anti-aggregatory effects. Ibudilast can be used for the research of asthma for its inhibitory effects on tracheal smooth muscle contractility. Ibudilast may be a useful neuroprotective and anti-dementia agent counteracting neurotoxicity in activated microglia[1].
Theophylline (Standard) is the analytical standard of Theophylline. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) is a potent phosphodiesterase(PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research .
Etazolate hydrochloride (SQ 20009) is an orally active, selective inhibitor of type 4 phosphodiesterase(PDE4) with an IC50 of 2 μM. Etazolate hydrochloride is a γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor regulator. Etazolate hydrochloride is an α-secretase activator and induced the production of soluble amyloid precursor protein (sAPPα). Etazolate hydrochloride, a pyrazolopyridine class derivative, increases cAMP levels. Etazolate hydrochloride has anxiolyticlike, antidepressant-like and anti-inflammatory effects .
TyK2-IN-2 (Compoud 18) is a potent and selective TYK2 inhibitor with IC50s of 7 nM, 0.1 μM and 0.05 μM for TYK2 JH2, IL-23 and IFNα, respectively. TyK2-IN-2 also inhibits phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) with an IC50 of 62 nM. TyK2-IN-2 can be used for the research of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases .
Glaucine (O,O-Dimethylisoboldine) is an alkaloid isolated from Glaucium flavum with antitussive, bronchodilation and anti-inflammatory properties. Glaucine is a selective and orally active phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor with Kis of 3.4 µM in human bronchus and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Glaucine is also a non-selective α-adrenoceptor antagonist, a Ca 2+ entry blocker, and a weak dopamine D1 and D2 receptor antagonist. Glaucine has antioxidative and antiviral activities .
Vinpocetine-d5 is the deuterium labeled Vinpocetine. Vinpocetine (Ethyl apovincaminate) is a derivative of the alkaloid Vincamine that blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels. The IC50 value of Vinpocetine on direct IKK inhibition in the cell-free system is 17.17 μM. Vinpocetine is a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor and inhibits NF-κB-dependent inflammatory responses by directly targeting IκB kinase complex (IKK), and has been widely used for the treatment of cerebrovascular disorders[1][2][3].
Ibudilast-d7-1 is the deuterium labeled Ibudilast[1]. Ibudilast (KC-404;AV-411;MN-166) is a cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor. Ibudilast has platelet anti-aggregatory effects. Ibudilast can be used for the research of asthma for its inhibitory effects on tracheal smooth muscle contractility. Ibudilast may be a useful neuroprotective and anti-dementia agent counteracting neurotoxicity in activated microglia[2].
IBMX (3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine) (GMP) is IBMX (HY-12318) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. IBMX is a broad-spectrum phosphodiesterase(PDE) inhibitor .
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) is an enzyme that can catalyze the hydrolysis of the 3' ring phosphate bond of cyclic nucleotides, and is often used in biochemical research. Phosphodiesterase acts as an important regulator of signal transduction mediated by the second messenger molecules cAMP and cGMP. According to their specificity to cyclic nucleotides, they can also be divided into different types, such as PDE1-PDE11, which also have certain potential in various diseases .
Glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase (GPC-PDE) is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biological material or organic compound for life science related research.
IBMX (3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine) (GMP) is IBMX (HY-12318) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. IBMX is a broad-spectrum phosphodiesterase(PDE) inhibitor .
Glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase (GPC-PDE) is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biological material or organic compound for life science related research.
Moracin M is a phenolic component that can be isolated from Mori Cortex, is a potent phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor with IC50 values of 2.9, 4.5, >40, and >100 μM for PDE4D2, PDE4B2, PDE5A1, and PDE9A2, respectively. Moracin M has anti-inflammatory activity .
Fenspiride, an orally active non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, is an antagonist of H1-histamine receptor. Fenspiride inhibites phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3), phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) and phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) activities with -log IC50 values of 3.44, 4.16 and approximately 3.8, respectively. Fenspiride can be used for the research of respiratory diseases .
Avanafil (TA-1790) is a potent and selective phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor with IC50 values of 5.2 nM, 630 nM, 5700 nM, 6200 nM, 12000 nM, 27000 nM, 51000 nM and 53000 nM for PDE-5, PDE-6, PDE-4, PDE-10, PDE-8, PDE-7, PDE-2 and PDE-1, respectively. Avanafil activates NO/cGMP/PKG signaling-pathway to decrease loss in BMD, bone atrophy, and oxidative stress. Avanafil inhibits cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) hydrolysis and thus increases cGMP levels. Avanafil can be used for the research of erectile dysfunction and osteoporosis .
Vardenafil is a selective and orally active inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-5(PDE5), with an IC50 of 0.7 nM. Vardenafil shows inhibitory towards PDE1, PDE6 with IC50s of 180 nM, and 11 nM, while IC50s are >1000 nM for PDE3 and PDE4 . Vardenafil competitively inhibits cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) hydrolysis and thus increases cGMP levels . Vardenafil can be used for the research of erectile dysfunction, hepatitis, diabetes [1]-[6].
Avanafil (TA-1790) dibenzenesulfonate is a potent and selective phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor with IC50 values of 5.2 nM, 630 nM, 5700 nM, 6200 nM, 12000 nM, 27000 nM, 51000 nM and 53000 nM for PDE-5, PDE-6, PDE-4, PDE-10, PDE-8, PDE-7, PDE-2 and PDE-1, respectively. Avanafil dibenzenesulfonate activates NO/cGMP/PKG signaling-pathway to decrease loss in BMD, bone atrophy, and oxidative stress. Avanafil dibenzenesulfonate inhibits cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) hydrolysis and thus increases cGMP levels. Avanafil dibenzenesulfonate can be used for the research of erectile dysfunction and osteoporosis .
Vardenafil hydrochloride is a selective and orally active inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-5(PDE5), with an IC50 of 0.7 nM. Vardenafil hydrochloride shows inhibitory towards PDE1, PDE6 with IC50s of 180 nM, and 11 nM, while IC50s are >1000 nM for PDE3 and PDE4 . Vardenafil hydrochloride competitively inhibits cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) hydrolysis and thus increases cGMP levels . Vardenafil hydrochloride can be used for the research of erectile dysfunction, hepatitis, diabetes [1]-[6].
Vardenafil dihydrochloride is a selective and orally active inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-5(PDE5), with an IC50 of 0.7 nM. Vardenafil dihydrochloride shows inhibitory towards PDE1, PDE6 with IC50s of 180 nM, and 11 nM respectively, while IC50s are >1000 nM for PDE3 and PDE4. Vardenafil dihydrochloride competitively inhibits cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) hydrolysis and thus increases cGMP levels. Vardenafil dihydrochloride can be used for the research of erectile dysfunction, hepatitis, diabetes - .
Braylin, a coumarin, is a potent phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor and is involved in anti-inflammatory and immunomodulation, which may serve as a potential target for the study of immunoinflammatory diseases .
Kuraridine is a prenylated flavonol extract from the roots of Sophora flavescens. Kuraridine has an inhibitory effect on cGMP specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) (IC50=0.64 μM) .
Mangostanol ((+)-Mangostanol) is a polyoxygenated xanthone mangostanol, which can be isolated from the shell of Garcinia mangostana, and has inhibitory effect on cAMP phosphodiesterase(PDE) .
Toddacoumalone is a natural inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) with moderate potency and imperfect agent-like properties. Toddacoumalone has the potential for the research of inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis .
Aminophylline is a competitive and non-selective phosphodiesterase(PDE) inhibitor. Aminophylline is a competitive adenosine receptor antagonist. Aminophylline has apulmonary vasodilator action as well as a bronchodilator action and has the potential for asthma research .
Obscurolide A1 is a Phosphodiesterase(PDE) inhibitor (IC50=8 mM) that can be obtained from Streptomyces viridochromogenes culture. Obscurolide A1 has the potential to study neurological and inflammatory diseases .
Kushenol B is an isoprenoid flavonoid isolated from S. flavescens, has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities . Kushenol B has inhibitory activity against cAMP phosphodiesterase(PDE), with an IC50 of 31 µM .
Mesembrine ((+)-Mesembrine) a main alkaloid that features an aryloctahydroindole skeleton. Mesembrine is a 5-HT transporter inhibitor with a Ki of 1.4 nM. Mesembrine also inhibits phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) with an IC50 of 7.8 μM .
1,3,5-Trihydroxy-4-prenylxanthone is a Na +/H + exchange system (Na+/H+ Exchanger (NHE)) inhibitor with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 10 μg/mL . 1,3,5-Trihydroxy-4-prenylxanthone is a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5)(Phosphodiesterase(PDE)) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 3.0 μM . 1,3,5-Trihydroxy-4-prenylxanthone inhibits Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Lipopolysaccharides (HY-D1056))-induced NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages, and has anti-inflammatory activities .
Ilexsaponin B2 is a saponin isolated from the root of Ilex pubescens Hook. et Arn. Ilexsaponin B2 is a potent phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) and PDEI inhibitor with IC50 values of 48.8 μM and 477.5 μM, respectively .
Isopedicin potently and concentration-dependently inhibits superoxide anion (O2 U?) production in formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP)-activated cells. Isopedicin increases cAMP formation and PKA activity in FMLP-activated cells by inhibiting phosphodiesterase(PDE) activity .
Pentoxifylline (BL-191), a haemorheological agent, is an orally active non-selective phosphodiesterase(PDE) inhibitor, with immune modulation, anti-inflammatory, hemorheological, anti-fibrinolytic and anti-proliferation effects. Pentoxifylline can be used for the research of peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease and a number of other conditions involving a defective regional microcirculation .
Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) is a potent phosphodiesterase(PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research .
Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) sodium acetate is a potent phosphodiesterase(PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) sodium acetate inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) sodium acetate has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) sodium acetate induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) sodium acetate can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research .
Sophoflavescenol is a prenylated flavonol, which shows great inhibitory activity with IC50 of 0.013 μM against Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), and also inhibits RLAR, HRAR, AGE, BACE1, AChE and BChE with IC50s of 0.30 µM, 0.17 µM, 17.89 µg/mL, 10.98 µM, 8.37 µM and 8.21 µM, respectively.
Vinpocetine (Ethyl apovincaminate) is a derivative of the alkaloid Vincamine that blocks voltage-gated Na + channels. The IC50 value of Vinpocetine on direct IKK inhibition in the cell-free system is 17.17 μM. Vinpocetine is a phosphodiesterase(PDE) inhibitor and inhibits NF-κB-dependent inflammatory responses by directly targeting IκB kinase complex (IKK), and has been widely used for the treatment of cerebrovascular disorders .
Theophylline (Standard) is the analytical standard of Theophylline. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) is a potent phosphodiesterase(PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research .
Glaucine (O,O-Dimethylisoboldine) is an alkaloid isolated from Glaucium flavum with antitussive, bronchodilation and anti-inflammatory properties. Glaucine is a selective and orally active phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor with Kis of 3.4 µM in human bronchus and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Glaucine is also a non-selective α-adrenoceptor antagonist, a Ca 2+ entry blocker, and a weak dopamine D1 and D2 receptor antagonist. Glaucine has antioxidative and antiviral activities .
cGB-PDE protein regulates signal transduction by specifically hydrolyzing cto 5'-GMP, thereby controlling the intracellular concentration of cyclic nucleotides, particularly nitric-oxide-generated cGMP. cGB-PDE Protein, Mouse (Myc, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived cGB-PDE protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His, C-Myc labeled tag. The total length of cGB-PDE Protein, Mouse (Myc, His) is 167 a.a., with molecular weight of ~26.1 kDa.
PDE2A is a cGMP-activated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase that exhibits dual specificity for the second messengers cAMP and cGMP, key regulators in various physiological processes. PDE2A exhibits higher efficiency by covering cAMP and plays an important role in cell growth and migration. PDE2A Protein, Human (sf9, His) is the recombinant human-derived PDE2A protein, expressed by Sf9 insect cells , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of PDE2A Protein, Human (sf9, His) is 686 a.a., with molecular weight of ~80.73 kDa.
PDE4D (Phosphodiesterase 4D) protein, as a hydrolytic enzyme, degrades the second messenger cAMP, a crucial regulator in various physiological processes. Its enzymatic activity in breaking down cAMP underscores PDE4D's pivotal role in modulating cellular signaling cascades, maintaining the intricate balance of intracellular communication mediated by this critical second messenger. PDE4D Protein, Human is the recombinant human-derived PDE4D protein, expressed by E. coli , with tag free. The total length of PDE4D Protein, Human is 328 a.a., .
PDE4D (Phosphodiesterase 4D) protein, as a hydrolytic enzyme, degrades the second messenger cAMP, a crucial regulator in various physiological processes. Its enzymatic activity in breaking down cAMP underscores PDE4D's pivotal role in modulating cellular signaling cascades, maintaining the intricate balance of intracellular communication mediated by this critical second messenger. PDE4D Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived PDE4D protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of PDE4D Protein, Human (His) is 328 a.a., .
PDE3A protein, a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, targets cAMP, cGMP, and cUMP, crucial in diverse physiological processes. In an E2/17beta-estradiol-induced pro-apoptotic pathway, E2 stabilizes the PDE3A/SLFN12 complex, leading to SLFN12 dephosphorylation and activating its pro-apoptotic ribonuclease activity. This pathway is implicated in tissues with high E2 concentrations, potentially contributing to processes like placenta remodeling. PDE3A Protein, Human (sf9, His-GST) is the recombinant human-derived PDE3A protein, expressed by Sf9 insect cells , with N-His, N-GST labeled tag. The total length of PDE3A Protein, Human (sf9, His-GST) is 473 a.a., with molecular weight of ~93 kDa.
PDE9A is a phosphodiesterase that uniquely hydrolyzes second messengers with unparalleled specificity, particularly in the regulation of natriuretic peptide-dependent signaling in the heart, which is critical for the control of cardiac hypertrophy. Its specificity rules out effects on nitric oxide-dependent signaling in the heart. PDE9A Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived PDE9A protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of PDE9A Protein, Human (His) is 326 a.a., with molecular weight of ~37 kDa.
PDE9A is a phosphodiesterase that uniquely hydrolyzes second messengers with unparalleled specificity, particularly in the regulation of natriuretic peptide-dependent signaling in the heart, which is critical for the control of cardiac hypertrophy. Its specificity rules out effects on nitric oxide-dependent signaling in the heart. PDE9A Protein, Human (sf9, His-GST) is the recombinant human-derived PDE9A protein, expressed by Sf9 insect cells , with N-His, N-GST labeled tag. The total length of PDE9A Protein, Human (sf9, His-GST) is 533 a.a., with molecular weight of ~75 kDa.
PDE1B protein, a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, displays dual specificity for cAMP and cGMP, essential second messengers in physiological processes. Preferring cGMP as a substrate, PDE1B fine-tunes cellular responses to cyclic nucleotide signaling. Its dual specificity underscores its regulatory role in diverse physiological pathways. PDE1B Protein, Human (sf9, His-GST) is the recombinant human-derived PDE1B protein, expressed by Sf9 insect cells , with N-His, N-GST labeled tag. The total length of PDE1B Protein, Human (sf9, His-GST) is 536 a.a., with molecular weight of ~75 kDa.
Theophylline-d6 is the deuterium labeled Theophylline. Theophylline is a nonselective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor blocker, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator.
Vardenafil-d5 is deuterium labeled Vardenafil. Vardenafil is a selective, orally active, potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5), with an IC50 of 0.7 nM. Vardenafil shows selectivity over PDE1 (180 nM), PDE6 (11 nM), PDE2, PDE3, and PDE4 (>1000 nM). Vardenafil competitively inhibits cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) hydrolysis and thus increases cGMP levels. Vardenafil can be used for the research of erectile dysfunction[1][2].
Fenspiride-d5 is the deuterium labeled Fenspiride. Fenspiride, an orally active non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, is an antagonist of H1-histamine receptor. Fenspiride inhibites phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3), phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) and phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) activities with -log IC50 values of 3.44, 4.16 and approximately 3.8, respectively. Fenspiride can be used for the research of respiratory diseases[1][2][3].
Cilostazol-d11 is the deuterium labeled Cilostazol. Cilostazol (OPC 13013) is a potent and selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3A, the isoform of PDE 3 in the cardiovascular system, with an IC50 of 0.2 μM[1][2].
Cilostazol-d4 is deuterium labeled Cilostazol. Cilostazol (OPC 13013) is a potent and selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3A, the isoform of PDE 3 in the cardiovascular system, with an IC50 of 0.2 μM[1][2].
Sildenafil (citrate)-d8 is the deuterium labeled Sildenafil citrate[1]. Sildenafil citrate is a potent phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor with IC50 of 5.22 nM.
Sildenafil-d8 is the deuterium labeled Sildenafil. Sildenafil (UK-92480) is a potent phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor with an IC50 of 5.22 nM[1][2].
N-Desmethyl Sildenafil-d8 is the deuterium labeled N-Desmethyl Sildenafil (HY-117605). N-Desmethyl Sildenafil is a major metabolite of Sildenafil. Sildenafil is a potent phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor[1][2][3].
Udenafil-d7 is the deuterium labeled Udenafil. Udenafil (DA8159) is a potent, selective and orally active phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor. Udenafil also inhibits cGMP hydrolysis and can be used for erectile dysfunction research[1][2].
Sildenafil-d3-1 (UK-92480-d3-1) is deuterium labeled Sildenafil-d3. Sildenafil (UK-92480) is a potent phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor with an IC50 of 5.22 nM.
Drotaverine-d10 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Drotaverine hydrochloride. Drotaverine hydrochloride is a type 4 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE4) inhibitor and an L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (L-VDCC) blocker, blocks the degradation of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Drotaverine hydrochloride exhibits in vivo antispasmodic efficacy without anticholinergic effects[1][2].
Pentoxifylline-d6 is the deuterium labeled Pentoxifylline. Pentoxifylline (BL-191), a haemorheological agent, is an orally active non-selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, with immune modulation, anti-inflammatory, hemorheological, anti-fibrinolytic and anti-proliferation effects. Pentoxifylline can be used for the research of peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease and a number of other conditions involving a defective regional microcirculation[1][2][3].
Pentoxifylline-d5 is the deuterium labeled Pentoxifylline. Pentoxifylline (BL-191), a haemorheological agent, is an orally active non-selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, with immune modulation, anti-inflammatory, hemorheological, anti-fibrinolytic and anti-proliferation effects. Pentoxifylline can be used for the research of peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease and a number of other conditions involving a defective regional microcirculation[1][2][3].
Ibudilast-d7 is the deuterium labeled Ibudilast. Ibudilast (KC-404; AV-411; MN-166) is a cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor. Ibudilast has platelet anti-aggregatory effects. Ibudilast can be used for the research of asthma for its inhibitory effects on tracheal smooth muscle contractility. Ibudilast may be a useful neuroprotective and anti-dementia agent counteracting neurotoxicity in activated microglia[1].
Vinpocetine-d5 is the deuterium labeled Vinpocetine. Vinpocetine (Ethyl apovincaminate) is a derivative of the alkaloid Vincamine that blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels. The IC50 value of Vinpocetine on direct IKK inhibition in the cell-free system is 17.17 μM. Vinpocetine is a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor and inhibits NF-κB-dependent inflammatory responses by directly targeting IκB kinase complex (IKK), and has been widely used for the treatment of cerebrovascular disorders[1][2][3].
Ibudilast-d7-1 is the deuterium labeled Ibudilast[1]. Ibudilast (KC-404;AV-411;MN-166) is a cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor. Ibudilast has platelet anti-aggregatory effects. Ibudilast can be used for the research of asthma for its inhibitory effects on tracheal smooth muscle contractility. Ibudilast may be a useful neuroprotective and anti-dementia agent counteracting neurotoxicity in activated microglia[2].